• Research Tools
  • Bibliography and Gateway Sites
    • Migration and Ethnic Relations
    • Black Quest Power Links [African-Americans and Africa]
    • Spartacus Index to Slavery in the United States
    • African-American Materials at the Connecticut Historical Society. Printed Materials
  • Archives
    • African Americans in Media, University of Iowa
    • The African-American Mosaic, Library of Congress
    • Afroamerican & African Studies University of Michigan
    • Black Archives: Scope of the Collection
    • W.E.B. Du Bois Institute for Afro-American Research , Harvard University
    • Ralph J. Bunche Center for African American Studies, UCLA
    • Freedom's Journal. African-American Newspapers, First African-American owned newspaper in USA [.pdf]
    • Jackson Davis Collection of African-American Educational Photographs, 6,000 photographs of African American schools, teachers and students throughout the Southeastern United States
    • Martin Luther King Jr. - Papers, Stanford University
    • The Booker T. Washington Papers, University of Illinois Press
    • Race & Ethnicity, Yale
    • Social Science Data Archives: Ethnicity — Migration — Racism
    • Toward Racial Equality. Harper's Weekly Report on Black America, 1857-1874
      • Introduction
      • Slavery
      • Civil War
      • Reconstruction
      • Culture and Society
      • A Simulation Game
  • Resources On-Line
    • Africans in America/Part 1/Resource Bank Contents
    • Africans in America/Part 2/Resource Bank Contents
    • Africans in America/Part 3/The Haitian Revolution
    • Africans in America/Part 4/Resource Bank Contents
    • Ethnic Studies Resources, Univ. of Southern California Library
    • Crossing Boundaries: African American and American Culture, Kansas Humanities Council
    • Internet Resources for Students of African-American History and Culture, Rutgers University
    • Mystic Seaport Library of Amistad Documents
    • Securing the Leg Irons: Restriction of Legal Rights for Slaves in Virginia
    • Freedmen and the Southern Society Project [documents on the history of emancipation]
    • Treaty between United States and Great Britain for the Suppression of the Slave Trade; April 7,1862, Yale Avalon
  • Research Centers
    • African American Leadership Institute AALI, University of Maryland
    • Balch Institute of Ethnic Studies: Ethnic history and new immigrants, Historical Society of Pennsylvania
    • African Slave Trade Research Project, Central Oregon Community College
    • National Association for Ethnic Studies, Western Washington University
  • Museums
    • The Jim Crow Museum, Ferris State University
    • Kansas African-American Museum, Wichita, KS
    • Museum of African American History, Boston, MA
    • National Civil Rights Museum Memphis, TN
    • National Underground Railroad Freedom Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
    • Penn School National Historic Landmark District, St. Helena Island, South Carolina
  • Music
    • Africlassical: African Heritage in Classical Music [over 50 composers, conductors and performers - Africans, African Americans and Afro-Europeans]
    • Archives of African American Music and Culture
  • Black History Month
  • Black History Month, Infoplease
  • Black History Month, Biography, Biography.com
  • History Channel's Black History Month
  • Issues in Depth: Black History Month New York Times
  • Chronology
    • Chronology of Slavery, Abolition, and Emancipation
    • Slavery Timeline
    • Chronology of the Atlantic Slave Trade
    • Slavery Timeline 1400-1500
    • Slavery Timeline 1501-1600
    • Chronology of the History of Slavery 1619-1798
    • Chronology of the History of Slavery 1790-1829
    • Chronology of the History of Slavery 1830 to the End
    • Timeline of the Civil Rights Movement
• History, Chronologically Arranged
  • General
    • Africans in America (PBS)
    • African American History
    • Black History: Encyclopædia Britannica Guide
    • Black History Hotlist, ATT Knowledge Network
    • Freedom's Journal [.pdf]
    • American Slavery
    • Economics of the African Slave Trade
    • Studies in the World History of Slavery, Abolition and Emancipation
    • Spartacus Encyclopedia. Slavery
    • Gilder Lehrman Collection: Slavery
    • The Civil Rights Movement in America
  • The Slave Trade of the Middle Passage
    • African Diaspora
    • Slavery--The Peculiar Institution: African Homelands Library of Congress
    • Slave Trade Map & African-American Ancestry
    • West Indies
    • Cuba
    • The Caribbean
    • Jamaica, University of Wisconsin-Madison
    • Virginia, University of Wisconsin-Madison
    • Slave Trade in the Americas wikipedia.org
    • Notes on the Slave Trade, 1619-1865
    • Interstate Slave Trade
    • Abolition of the Atlantic Slave Trade in the United States, American University
  • Colonial America
    • "Slavery and Conversion in the American Colonies", by Marcus W. Jernegan, in American Historical Review, 1916; from Dinsmore
    • "The Evolution of the Slave Status in American Democracy", by John M. Mecklin, in Journal of Negro History, 1917, from Dinsmore
  • Plantation Life
    • Plantation Agriculture: Cotton Culture
    • Levi Jordan Plantation Site, Brazoria TX
    • A Master Sold by a Slave
  • Urban Life
    • "On Borrowed Ground: Free African-American life in Charleston, South Carolina 1810-61", by Jason Poole, from Essays in History (1994)
  • Resettlement
    • Free Blacks in the Ante-Bellum Period
    • WWW-VL History: Liberia
    • Liberia (Library of Congress)
    • Free Blacks in the Revolutionary War
    • African American Soldiers in the American Revolution
  • Slave Narratives
    • American Slave Narratives
    • Slave Narratives from the WPA Project
    • Testimony of the Canadian Fugitives-intro
  • Slave Unrest
    • Flights to Freedom
    • Liberation Strategies
    • 1800, Historical Background of the Gabriel Prosser Slave Revolt, by Herbert Aptheker
    • The Haitian Revolution
    • 1822 Denmark Vesey's Planned Black Rebellion in Charleston
    • Harriet Jacobs: Selected Writings and Correspondence, Yale University
    • Harriet Jacobs Biography, 1813-1897
    • "Denmark Vesey", by Thomas Wentworth Higginson, June 1861, wikipedia
    • Nat Turner's Rebellion August 1831
    • Black Resistance... Slavery in the US
    • Southampton Slave Revolt
    • Freedom Sympathizers and Fighters
      • The Amistad
      • Exploring Amistad: Race and the Boundaries of Freedom in Antebellum Maritime America
      • Amistad at Mystic Seaport Museum
      • The Amistad Mutiny and Trial 1839-1841
      • AMISTAD, 40 U.S. 518 (1841)
      • Amistad Case: Supreme Court Judgement
  • Abolition, Anti-Slavery Movements, and the Rise of the Sectional Controversy
    • Jefferson on Slavery
    • Thomas Jefferson: Radical and Racist
    • On Civil Disobedience, Henry David Thoreau (1846)
    • Anti-Slavery Activists
    • Popularizing Anti-Slavery Sentiment
    • Fugitive Slave Law 1850
    • Growing Sectionalism
    • Wendell Phillips, (1811-1884)
    • William Lloyd Garrison, (1805-1879)
    • "William Lloyd Garrison and the Problem of Non-Resistance," by Elizabeth Forest
    • Acts of the Anti-Slavery Apostles, by Rev. Parker Pillsbury [1883]
    • Walker's Appeal, in Four Articles; ... to the Coloured Citizens of the World..., September 28, 1829; David Walker, 1785-1830
    • Militant Abolition
    • John Brown's Speech (1859)
    • John Brown, Abolitionist: The Man Who Killed Slavery, Sparked the Civil War, and Seeded Civil Rights by David Reynolds, 2005
    • What John Brown Did In Kansas
    • Frederick Douglass, 1817-1895, Autobiography
    • Frederick Douglass' Speech - The Hypocrisy of American Slavery
    • William Lloyd Garrison's Speech - On the Death of John Brown (1859)
    • Uncle Tom's Cabin: or Life Among the Lowly, by Harriet Beecher Stowe (University of Virginia)
    • Uncle Tom's Cabin, by Harriet Becher Stowe (Library of Congress)
  • The Underground Railway
    • Harriet Tubman and the Underground Railroad
    • History of Follow the Drinking Gourd
    • The Underground Railroad
    • Underground Railroad History
    • An Underground Railroad Site - Table of Contents
    • Walk to Canada: Tracing the Underground Railroad
    • Dred Scott v. Sandford, 1857
  • Free Blacks
    • Free Blacks in the Ante-Bellum Period
    • Individual Accomplishments
    • Emergence of the Black Church
    • The African American Press
  • WWW-VL: History: USA: The Coming of the Civil War 1850-1860
  • The Civil War, 1861-1865
    • WWW-VL: History: US Civil War 1861-1865
      • Contemporary Depictions of African-Americans
        • The Southern Negro As He Is by George Rochford Stetson (page images at MOA)
        • The Black Man: His Antecedents, His Genius, and His Achievements (1863) by William Wells Brown (at UNC)
      • African-Americans in the Civil War
        • "Contrabands of War"
        • Beyond Face Value: Depictions of Slavery in Confederate Currency
        • African American Warriors
        • African Americans in Early American Military History
        • Soldiers and Missionaries
        • Civil War Soldiers & Sailors System
        • The Emancipation Proclamation 1863
        • Fighting for Freedom
        • The 62nd & 65th Regiments United States Infantry, Co-Founders of Lincoln University, Missouri
        • Palmito Ranch, The Last Battle of the Civil War 12-13 May 1865. A Gentlemen's Agreement Broken.
        • "Behold the Shackles Fall" - Sojourner Truth
        • Freedmen and the Southern Society Project [documents on the history of emancipation]
    • Reconstruction and the Rise of Jim Crow
      • WWW-VL: United States History: US Reconstruction 1865-1880
      • Reconstruction 1866
        • The Freedmen's Bureau, 1865-1872
          • The Freedmen's Bureau, by W.E.B. Dubois
          • Extracts from Letters of Teachers and Superintendents of the New-England Educational Commission for Freedmen by New England Freedmen's Aid Society (page images at MOA)
          • Report of the Proceedings of a Meeting held at Concert Hall, Philadelphia, on Tuesday Evening, November 3, 1863, To Take Into Consideration the Condition of the Freed People of the South by Pennsylvania Freedmen's Relief Association (page images at MOA)
          • The Industry of the Freedmen of America by National Freedmen's Aid Union (page images at MOA)
          • Tunis George Campbell, Freedmen Bureau, (1812-1891)
      • Post-Slavery Internal Migration
      • Black Exodus
      • Nicodemus, Kansas
      • Western Migration and Homesteading
      • Buffalo Soldiers in Utah Territory
      • Chicago: Destination for the Great Migration
    • The Origins of the Ku Klux Klan
      • Ku Klux Klan History
      • Ku Klux Klan 1
      • Klu Klux Klan 2
      • Klu Klux Klan and the Knights of Labor, "Masonic" Brotherhoods Which Suppressed Reforms
  • The Era of Booker T. Washington 1870-1914
    • Selection of the Works of Booker T. Washington
      • The "Atlanta Compromise" Speech, 1895
      • My Larger Education: Being Chapters from My Experience by Booker T. Washington (illustrated HTML and TEI at UNC)
      • An Autobiography: The Story of My Life and Work (J. Nichols and Co., c. 1901) by Booker T. Washington (illustrated HTML and TEI at UNC)
      • The Booker T. Washington Papers (14 volumes) by Booker T. Washington, ed. by Louis R. Harlan (page images at historycooperative.org)
    • The Progressive Era
      • Progress in the Progressive Era
        • African American Soldiers
        • Education, Economic and Social Progress
        • Crusade Against Lynching
        • Organizing For Civil Rights
        • Notes on the Progress of the Colored People of Maryland Since the War (1890) by Jeffrey Richardson Brackett (HTML at wdmc.edu)
      • The Other Side of the Coin
        • The Negro Holocaust: Lynching and Race Riots in the United States, 1890-1950, Yale
        • Jim Crow
        • The Case of Ota Benga
        • Plessy v. Ferguson 1896
        • The Reason Why the Colored American is not in the World's Columbian Exposition: The Afro-American's Contribution to Columbian Literature (Chicago: Ida B. Wells, 1893) by Ida B. Wells, contrib. by Frederick Douglass, I. Garland Penn, and F. I. Barnett (HTML with commentary at Binghamton)
    • The Era of Lynch Law
      • Ida B. Wells, "Lynch Law in America" 1900
      • Lynch Law
      • Lynch Law-An American Community Enigma
      • The First Waco Horror: the Lynching of Jesse Washington and the Rise of the NAACP, 1916
    • The Debate Between Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. Du Bois
      • An Introduction, from PBS
      • A Biographical Skeetch of W.E.B. DuBois, by Gerald C. Hynes
      • The Souls of Black Folk by William E. B. Du Bois
        • HTML at Virginia
        • HTML at Bartleby
        • Gutenberg text
      • Du Bois, W. E. B. (William Edward Burghardt), 1868-1963
      • The Conservation of Races (Gutenberg text)
      • Darkwater: Voices From Within the Veil (Gutenberg text)
      • The Negro (New York: Henry Holt and Company, 1915) (Gutenberg text)
      • The Negro Problem (ca.1903), also Booker T. Washington, Charles Waddell Chesnutt, Wilford H. Smith, H. T. Kealing, Paul Laurence Dunbar, and Timothy Thomas Fortune (Gutenberg text)
      • The Philadelphia Negro, With a Special Report on Negro Domestic Service in the Seventh Ward, Philadelphia (New York: Lippincott, 1899), contrib. by Isabel Eaton (at pfeiffer.edu)
  • The 20th Century
    • General
      • The Harlem Renaissance
        • Bibliography
        • Harlem 1900-1940
        • Harlem Renaissance
        • Timeline
        • March 1925 Harlem: Mecca of the New Negro
        • Perspectives in American Literature: The Harlem Renaissance
        • Poetry and Prose
        • The Women of the Harlem Renaissance
        • Aaron Douglas: African American Modernist, Spencer Museum of Art, University of Kansas, New, Sept. 08 - Dec. 02, 2007
        • The Poets of the Harlem Renaissance and After
        • Langston Hughes (1902-1967), biography
          • "I Dream A World" Poem by Langston Hughes
          • Soldiers Without Swords. The Black Press, from PBS
          • Cora Unashamed Depression-era story of an African American domestic, PBS
          • Let America Be America Again - An International Symposium, University of Kansas
          • Langston Hughes in Lawrence, KS: Photographs & Biographical Resources by Denise Low & T.F. Pecore Weso
          • Listen to the Weary Blues, Hughes' poem read in Spanish with music by Charles Mingus and Leonard Feather
        • Theater
        • Jazz
        • 2001 Clinton Comes to Harlem
    • 1900-1910
      • WWW-VL: United States History: 1900-1909
      • The Freedmen's Bureau, by W.E.B. Dubois, from The Atlantic
      • Atlanta Race Riot of 1906
      • The Springfield Race Riot of 1908
    • 1910-1920
      • WWW-VL: United States History: 1910-1919
      • Fighting at Home and Abroad
      • East St. Louis Race Riot of 1917
      • East St. Louis Race Riot of 1917 2
      • Marcus Garvey
      • Carter Godwin Woodson (1875-1950), Chicago Public Library
      • Dr. Carter G. Woodson: Great African Statesman, the Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League
      • The Red Summer of 1919
        • The Longview Texas Race Riot
        • The Chicago Race Riot
        • Race Riots in Phillips County, Arkansas
    • 1920-1930
      • WWW-VL: United States History: 1920-1929,
      • The Victims of the Ku Klux Klan (1935)
      • The Tulsa Race Riot of 1921
        • The Tulsa Race Riot 1
        • The Tulsa Race Riot 2
        • Tulsa No Longer Silent
      • The Destruction of Rosewood
        • The Rosewood Riot 1923
        • Rosewood, Florida, Race Riot 2
      • Harlem 1900-1940
      • The Harlem Renaissance
      • The Graystone Museum and the story of Detroit jazz
      • Marcus Garvey and the UNIA
        • Marcus Garvey
        • Poems of Marcus Garvey
        • Marcus Garvey Promotes 'Africa For The African' - World African Network
        • History of the UNIA-ACL
        • The Marcus Garvey & UNIA Papers Project, UCLA
        • UNIA-ACL Archives
        • Back To Africa: Marcus Garvey (a play)
        • Florida Back To Africa Movement
        • The "Back to Africa" Myth
    • 1930-1940
      • WWW-VL: United States History: 1930-1939
      • Cultural Expressions in the 1940's
      • Religious Movements of the 1930's and 1940's
        • Nativist and Racist Movements in the U.S. and their Aftermath
        • Detroit's flamboyant Prophet Jones
        • Religious Movements Homepage: Father Divine
        • Father Divine (Miller at CESNUR 99)
        • Beryl Satter - Marcus Garvey, Father Divine and the Gender Politics of Race Difference and Race Neutrality - American Quarterly 48:1
      • Breaking Barriers in Sports
      • The Trials of The Scottsboro Boys
    • 1940-1950
      • WWW-VL: United States History: 1940-1949
      • World War II: Segregation at Home and Abroad
      • The Belle-Isle (Detroit) Race Riot of 1943
      • The Port Chicago Explosion 17 July 1944
        • The Port Chicago Disaster
        • Port Chicago Naval Magazine Explosion
        • Port Chicago Explosion and Mutiny
        • Port Chicago Documents
      • The Tuskeegee Airmen
      • US Colored Troops--National Park Service
      • USS Mason - Proudly We Served
      • The Truman Administration and the Desegregation of the Armed Forces
    • 1950-1960
      • WWW-VL: United States History: 1950-1959
      • Ralph Bunche Winner of the 1950 Nobel Prize in Peace
      • Biography of Ralph Johnson Bunche
      • Ralph Bunche, Peace Hero
      • 24th Infantry in Korea: Executive Summary
      • Desegregation
      • The Civil Rights Movement
      • The Rise of the Nation of Islam
        • Nativist and Racist Movements in the U.S. and their Aftermath
        • Detroit's flamboyant Prophet Jones
        • Religious Movements Homepage: Father Divine
        • Father Divine (Miller at CESNUR 99)
        • Beryl Satter - Marcus Garvey, Father Divine and the Gender Politics of Race Difference and Race Neutrality - American Quarterly 48:1
    • 1960-1970
      • WWW-VL: United States History:1960-1969
      • 1960, 1 February. Black Students Begin Sit-Ins. SNCC founded
      • John F. Kennedy's Inauguration Address, 1961 January 20
      • Martin Luther King and the Civil Rights Movement
        • Sit-ins, Freedom Rides and Demonstrations
        • 1963: Detroit Freedom March
      • Medgar Evers 1925-1963
        • Medgar Wiley Evers 1
        • Medgar Evers 2
        • Medgar Evers 3
      • Robert C. Weaver, "The Negro as American", 1963
      • The Birmingham Church Bombing 1963
      • Letter Written from Birmingham Jail, by Martin Luther King [1963]
      • Rally In Washington: Martin Luther King, "I Have a Dream" 1963
      • Macolm X
        • Malcolm X (1925-1964)
        • Malcolm X
        • Our Shining Black Prince: Eulogy Delivered By Ossie Davis At The Funeral Of Malcolm X
        • The Legacy of Malcolm
        • Mission Statement of the Friends of the Malcolm X Memorial Museum
      • The Black Panthers
        • Contemporary Literature of the Black Panthers
          • The Black Panther Party Platform and Program
          • An Introduction to the Black Panther Party by John Brown Society (page images at MSU)
          • Are These Cats Red? The Black Panthers by Kent Courtney (page images at MSU)
          • Black Liberation (Cultural and Revolutionary Nationalism) by Earl Ofari (page images at MSU)
          • Credo for Rioters and Looters by Eldridge Cleaver (page images at MSU)
          • Huey Newton: the Fire Within
          • Essays From the Minister of Defense by Huey P. Newton (page images at MSU)
          • Huey Newton Talks to the Movement by Students for a Democratic Society and Huey P. Newton (page images at MSU)
          • The Genius of Huey P. Newton by Huey P. Newton (page images at MSU)
          • Message to the Black Movement by Black Liberation Army (page images at MSU)
        • The Black Panthers
        • Huey Newton
        • Sundiata Acoli, A Brief History of the Black Panther Party
        • On the Relevance of Fred Hampton and the Black Panther Party
        • Scholars And Former Panthers Join Forces To Produce Ground-Breaking Volume On The Black Panther Party
        • Uncommon Ground: The Black African Holocaust Council and Other Links Between Black and White Extremists by Marc H. Caplan and Lori Linzer (HTML at Nizkor)
        • Black Panthers Reconsidered by Salim Muwakkil
      • Lyndon B. Johnson Speech We Shall Overcome, March 15, 1965
      • D.P. Moynihan, The Negro Family: The Case For National Action March 1965
      • George C. Wallace on The Civil rights Movement
      • The Civil Rights Act of 1964 1
      • The Civil Rights Act of 1964 2
      • Nobel Prize Acceptance Speech, Martin Luther King [1964]
      • Nobel Biography of Martin Luther King (1929-1968)
      • The Martin Luther King You Don't See On TV
      • The March on Selma 21 March 1965
      • The Voting Rights Act of 1965
      • The Watts Riots 1965
      • The Detroit Riot of 1967
      • The "Mississippi Burning" Trial of 1967
      • Bending Toward Justice: John Doar and the Mississippi Burning Trial, by Douglas O. Linder
    • Speeches and Writings of Martin Luther King
      • A Call to Conscience: The Landmark Speeches of Martin Luther King, Jr. by Martin Luther King, ed. by Clayborne Carson and Kris Shepard (HTML and PDF files at Stanford)
      • I've Been to the Mountaintop by Martin Luther King (PDF at Stanford)
        • "I Have a Dream" Speech [PDF at Stanford]
        • Gutenberg text
        • Beyond Vietnam: A Time to Break Silence, by Martin Luther
        • I See the Promised Land, by Martin Luther King [3 April 1968]
      • The Assassination of Martin Luther King 4 April 1968 1
      • The Assassination of Martin Luther King 2
      • James Earl Ray
      • Martin Luther King Jr. Photograph Gallery, Boston Globe, 2007
    • 1970-1980
      • WWW-VL: United States History: 1970-1979
      • Symbionese Liberation Army SLA
    • 1980-1990
      • WWW-VL: United States History: 1980-1989
      • The Irrepressible Jesse Jackson
      • Jesse Jackson: 1984 Democratic National Convention Keynote Address: "The Rainbow Coalition" [includes mp3 audio]
      • Thurgood Marshall (1908 - 1993)
      • FBI Files on Thurgood Marshall
    • 1990-2000
      • WWW-VL: United States History: 1990-1999
      • The Trial of O.J. Simpson
      • Robert Williams 1925-1995
      • The Black World Today
    • 2001- 2009
      • WWW-VL: United States History: 2000-2009
      • Rosa Parks, February 4, 1913 – October 24, 2005, wikipedia.org
      • Coretta Scott King, April 27, 1927 – January 30, 2006
      • Election of 2008 Archive, from CNN
      • Barack Obama, (1961–)
      • Barack Obama: Keynote Address At The 2004 Democratic National Convention, with videos
      • Barack Obama Victory Speech, Nov. 04, 2008, New York Times (video)
      • Barack Obama Speeches, Over 100 speeches by Barack Obama
  • Unsorted
    • Paul Collins, Artist, Michigan
    • African American Perspectives
    • Blacks In Alaska History Project, Inc.
    • Seacoast, New Hampshire Black History
    • Anna Murray
    • Jackie Robinson and Other Baseball Highlights 1860s-1960s--LOC
    • Negro Baseball League, Black Baseball
    • Rare Book School 1995: David Seaman: African American resources
    • Death or Liberty Exhibition rebellions in Virginia led by Gabriel Prosser, Nat Turner, and John Brown; Library of Virginia
    • U.B.Ps. Music
    • Martin Luther King, Jr. [Resources and links]
    • Martin Luther King, Jr. Memorial Anthology
    • Historically Black Colleges and Universities
    • Black Film Centre / Archive
    • Black History Month at Harper Collins (Feb '96)
    • African American Art
    • Fat African American Library Buffalo
    • African Studies Center University of Pennsylvania
  
  
• WWW-VL: History: United States: Bibliography
• WWW-VL: History: Native American Bibliography
• WWW-VL: History: US: Biography
• WWW-VL: History: US: Women's History
• Documents for the Study of American History: 1960s documents
• WWW-VL: African Archaeology

(©2005-2008 George Laughead)